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1.
Rev. colomb. ciencias quim. farm ; 51(3)set.-dez. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535856

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Introduction: Byrsonima garcibarrigae is an endemic tree of Amazonas state, Brazil, with pharmacological and chemical knowledge poorly understood. Aim: To investigate the antidiabetic potential of the B. garcibarrigae stem bark. Methods: The stem bark was sequentially extracted by maceration with hexane (EHBG), ethyl acetate (EABG), and methanol (EMBG). The antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials and anti-glycation capacities were evaluated. A bio-guided fractionation gave compounds that were characterized by MS and NMR. Results: 8 compounds were identified by HPLC-MS. EMBG showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (1.09±0.32 µg/mL), antioxidant activity (9.2±0.23 µg/mL) and phenolic compounds content (61.43±0.50%), thus was fractionated producing hexane (FHX), chloroform (FCL) and hydromethanolic (FHM) fractions. After additional anti- α-glucosidase assays, FHM (1.02±0.49 µg/mL) was fractionated giving quercitrin and epicatechin. The anti-glycation assay showed that EMBG, FHM and quercitrin presented higher activities in comparison to the positive control, amino-guanidine. Conclusions: B. garcibarrigae displayed antidiabetic potential since inhibited α-glucosidase, as well as presented expressive antioxidant and anti-glycation activities were recorded.


Introducción: Byrsonima garcibarrigae es un árbol endémico del estado de Amazonas, Brasil, con poco conocimiento farmacológico y químico. Objetivo: investigar el potencial antidiabético de la corteza del tallo de B. garcibarrigae. Métodos: la corteza del tallo se extrajo secuencialmente mediante maceración con hexano (EHBG), acetato de etilo (EABG) y metanol (EMBG). Se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante, los potenciales inhibidores de la α-glucosidasa y las capacidades anti-glicación. Un fraccionamiento bioguiado dio compuestos que se caracterizaron por MS y NMR. Resultados: se identificaron 8 compuestos mediante HPLC-MS. EMBG mostró la mayor actividad inhibidora de α-glucosidasa (1,09 ± 0,32 µg/mL), actividad antioxidante (9,2±0.23 µg/mL) y contenido de compuestos fenólicos (61,43 ± 0.50%), por lo que se fraccionó produciendo hexano (FHX), cloroformo (FCL) e hidrometanólicas (FHM). Después de ensayos adicionales de anti- α-glucosidasa, se fraccionó FHM (1,02 ± 0,49 µg/mL) dando quercitrina y epicatequina. El ensayo antiglicación mostró que EMBG, FHM y quercitrina presentaron actividades más altas en comparación con el control positivo, aminoguanidina. Conclusiones: B. garcibarrigae mostró potencial antidiabético ya que se registró una inhibición de la α-glucosidasa, así como también presentó actividades expresivas antioxidantes y antiglicación.


Introdução: Byrsonima garcibarrigae é uma árvore endêmica do estado do Amazonas, Brasil, com pouco conhecimento farmacológico e químico. Objetivo: investigar o potencial antidiabético da casca do caule de B. garcibarrigae. Métodos: a casca do caule foi extraída sequencialmente por maceração com hexano (EHBG), acetato de etila (EABG) e metanol (EMBG). A capacidade antioxidante, potencial inibibitório de α-glicosidase e capacidade antiglicação foram avaliadas. Um fracionamento bioguiado isolou compostos que foram caracterizados por MS e RMN. Resultados: 8 compostos foram identificados por HPLC-MS. O EMBG apresentou a maior atividade inibitória de α-glicosidase (1,09 ± 0,32 µg/mL), atividade antioxidante (9,2±0,23 µg/mL) e teor de compostos fenólicos (61,43 ± 0,50%), por isso foi fracionado produzindo hexano (FHX), clorofórmio (FCL) e hidrometanólico (FHM). Após ensaios anti- α-glicosidase adicionais, FHM (1,02 ± 0,49 µg/mL) foi fracionado, originando a quercitrina e epicatequina. O ensaio de antiglicação mostrou que EMBG, FHM e quercitrina exibiram atividades mais altas em comparação com o controle positivo, aminoguanidina. Conclusões: B. garci-barrigae apresentou potencial antidiabético, uma vez que foi registrada inibição da α-glicosidase, bem como expressiva atividade antioxidante e antiglicação.

2.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 25(3): 264-268, May-June 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-757433

ABSTRACT

AbstractIn Amazonas State (Brazil), Justicia acuminatissima (Miq.) Bremek., Acanthaceae, leaf teas are used in folk medicine to treat several inflammatory illnesses. In order to validate this medicinal application, we analyzed the acute toxicity and antioxidant, antiedematogenic and antinociceptive potentials of an aqueous extract of this species, using culture cells and animal models. The aqueous extract did not cause toxic effects on human lymphocytes in high concentration (400 μg/ml), neither on mice treated with high doses (5000 mg/kg) in an acute toxicity analysis by oral route, and also did not cause lesions in the gastric mucosa of animals treated with 300 mg/kg, which was the maximal dose used in the anti-inflammatory screening. The aqueous extract caused inhibition of inflammatory pain in formalin-induced paw licking test with all tested doses, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, and antiedematogenic activity at 100 and 300 mg/kg. Additionally, the aqueous extract presented statistically significant action on the release of nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. These results and other preliminary studies support the folk use of this species, and further investigation of its action mechanism by inhibition of COX-2 or related metabolite would be interesting.

3.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 22(6): 1212-1218, Nov.-Dec. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-659056

ABSTRACT

Justicia acuminatissima (Miq.) Bremek., Acanthaceae, is a subshrub found in northern Brazil, where it is widely used by the population of this region as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Despite this popular use, there is no pharmacognostical data to support the correct identification of this species. We therefore performed a morpho-anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical analysis of the leaves of this species, using well-known methods. The leaves are simple, exstipulate, green on the surfaces, and pubescent, with a lanceolate shape, crenate margin, pinnate venation and decussate phyllotaxy. The parenchyma is palisade and spongy, and its vascular system is bilateral. Glandular and non-glandular trichome and cystoliths were also detected. There are diacytic stomata on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of epidermis. Histochemical tests revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, amide and protein. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of coumarins, tannins, catechins, saponins and steroids.

4.
Acta amaz ; 40(1): 199-206, mar. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-546975

ABSTRACT

O gênero Passiflora (Passifloraceae) é utilizado principalmente para tratar doenças do SNC e cardiovasculares. A espécie Passiflora nitida Kunth é comumente conhecida como "maracujá-do-mato". A literatura relata o consumo in natura dos frutos desta espécie pela população local para distúrbios gastrointestinais. Considerando o potencial farmacológico do gênero, este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar estudo de caracterização fitoquímica desta espécie e estudar os efeitos dos extratos aquoso (EA), etanólico (EE) e hexânico (EH) de suas folhas sobre a coagulação sanguínea e agregação plaquetária. Para a caracterização fitoquímica foram realizados testes de cromatografia em camada delgada e ressonância magnética nuclear. O efeito dos extratos sobre a coagulação foi avaliado pelos testes de tempo de protrombina (TP) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa). O efeito sobre a agregação plaquetária foi avaliado em plasma rico em plaquetas por método espectrofotométrico, usando adenosina difosfato (ADP) e adrenalina (ADR) como indutores da agregação. Os extratos EA, EE e EH apresentaram atividade coagulante pelo teste do TP e o EE apresentou atividade anticoagulante para o TTPa. Quando induzidos por ADP, os extratos EA, EE e EH apresentaram valores de concentração inibitória 50% (CI50, µg/mL) de 450,5 ± 50,7; 511,2 ± 35,5 e 394,4 ± 8,9, respectivamente, e quando induzidos por ADR apresentaram valores de 438,7 ± 5,2; 21,0 ± 1,9 e 546,9 ± 49,9, respectivamente. O EE apresentou atividade inibitória sobre a agregação. A caracterização fitoquímica foi sugestiva da presença de flavonóides e cumarinas, aos quais podem ser atribuídos, em parte, os efeitos biológicos estudados.


The Passiflora genus (Passifloraceae) is mainly used to treat CNS and cardiovascular diseases. The Passiflora nitida Kunth species is commonly known as "maracujá-do-mato". The literature reports the in natura consumption of fruits of this species by the local population for gastrointestinal disorders. Considering the pharmacological potential of the genus, this work aimed to carry out study of phytochemical characterization of this species and study the effects of the aqueous (AE), ethanol (EE) and hexane (HE) extracts from its leaves on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. Thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance were carried out for the phytochemical characterization. The effect of the extracts on the coagulation was evaluated by prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests. The effect on the platelet aggregation was evaluated in platelet-rich plasma by spectrophotometric method, using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adrenaline (ADR) as inducers of aggregation. The AE, EE and HE extracts showed coagulant activity by the PT test, and the EE showed anticoagulant activity by the aPTT. When induced by ADP, the AE, EE and HE extracts showed 50% inhibitory concentration values (IC50, µg/mL) of 450.5 ± 50.7, 511.2 ± 35.5 and 394.4 ± 8.9, respectively, and when induced by ADR showed values of 438.7 ± 5.2, 21.0 ± 1.9 and 546.9 ± 49.9, respectively. The EE showed inhibitory effect on the aggregation. The phytochemical characterization was suggestive of the presence of flavonoids and coumarins, which can be attributed in part to the biological effects studied.


Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation/drug effects , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Passiflora/chemistry , Phytotherapy
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